Plastic Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Have you ever wondered about the chemical composition of plastic or how it is made? Heres a look at what plastic is and how it is formed. Plastic Definition and Composition Plastic is any synthetic or semisynthetic organic polymer. In other words, while other elements might be present, plastics always include carbon and hydrogen. While plastics may be made from just about any organic polymer, most industrial plastic is made from petrochemicals. Thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers are the two types of plastic. The name plastic refers to the property of plasticity, the ability to deform without breaking. The polymer used to make a plastic is almost always mixed with additives, including colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and reinforcements. These additives affect the chemical composition, chemical properties, and mechanical properties of a plastic, along with its cost. Thermosets and Thermoplastics Thermosetting polymers, also known as thermosets, solidify into a permanent shape. They are amorphous and are considered to have infinite molecular weight. Thermoplastics, on the other hand, can be heated and remolded over and over again. Some thermoplastics are amorphous, while some have a partially crystalline structure. Thermoplastics typically have a molecular weight between 20,000 to 500,000 amu. Examples of Plastics Plastics are often referred to by the acronyms for their chemical formulas: Polyethylene terephthalate: PET or PETEHigh-density polyethylene: HDPEPolyvinyl chloride: PVCPolypropylene: PPPolystyrene: PSLow-density polyethylene: LDPE Properties of Plastics The properties of plastics depend on the chemical composition of the subunits, the arrangement of these subunits, and the processing method. All plastics are polymers, but not all polymers are plastic. Plastic polymers consist of chains of linked subunits, called monomers. If identical monomers are joined, it forms a homopolymer. Difference monomers link to form copolymers. Homopolymers and copolymers may be either straight chains or branched chains. Here are some other properties: Plastics are usually solids. They may be amorphous solids, crystalline solids, or semicrystalline solids (crystallites).Plastics are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. Most are insulators with a high dielectric strength.Glassy polymers tend to be stiff (e.g., polystyrene). However, thin sheets of these polymers can be used as films (e.g., polyethylene).Nearly all plastics display elongation when they are stressed that is not recovered after the stress is removed. This is called creep.  Plastics tend to be durable, with a slow rate of degradation. Interesting Plastic Facts Additional facts about plastics: The first completely synthetic plastic was Bakelite, made in 1907 by Leo Baekeland. Baekeland also coined the word plastics.The word plastic comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means that it can be shaped or molded.Approximately a third of the plastic that is produced is used to make packaging. Another third is used for siding and piping.Pure plastics are generally insoluble in water and nontoxic. However, many of the additives in plastics are toxic and may leach into the environment. Examples of toxic additives include phthalates. Nontoxic polymers may also degrade into chemicals when they are heated.

Sunset Grill at Blue - 1829 Words

Contents Executive Summary 4 Background 4 Problem Statement 4 Analysis 5 Operational Models 5 Options, Implications and tradeoffs 5 SWOT ANALYSIS CHART 6 Blueprint for Sunset Grill 7 Recommendations and Conclusions 8 Executive Summary The Sunset Grill-at-Blue, an all-breakfast franchise, located in the Village at Blue Mountain, Ontario is currently operated by Bruce Melhuish. Even though the franchise was named Business of the Year in the counties of Simcoe and Grey, the first year of operation resulted in breaking even. Sunset’s service concept is aimed at providing affordable family meals. The restaurant features an open-concept kitchen, which allows Melhuish to oversee the†¦show more content†¦The average turn from the time customers receive their food to the time they exit the restaurant, is 32 minutes. Additionally, it appears that even the experienced staff has difficulties in serving the customers as the demand exceeds labor utilized creating queues on the weekends of up to 25 minutes. The restaurant also shares the same occupancy pattern as The Village at Blue Mountain, which results in lower sales during shoulder seasons (April, May, October and November). During the months of extreme weather conditions the restaurant’s capacity is reduced as the patio of 40 seats become inoperable. In addition, the restaurant could not receive daily inventory deliveries from Toronto, which resulted in paying a premium on effective inventory management. Problem Statement Sunset Grill at Blue is understaffed and lacks adequate seating capacity to accommodate the demand of customers during the weekend. Analysis Bruce Melhuish has finished his first year as a franchisee of Sunset Grill and has had some difficulties. He is staying focused on differentiating his restaurant due to his clientele. Bruce’s Business-to-customer experiences create added value by engaging and connecting with the customer in a personal and memorable way. (Fitzsimmons, Fitzsimmons, Bordoloi 2014). He has done this by deviating from the franchise model by adding personal touches to the restaurant such as a unique set of salt and pepper shakers, serving a smallShow MoreRelatedEssay The Inn in the Fall980 Words   |  4 PagesInn in the Fall As visitors approach one of the most beautiful inns in North Carolina they will be serenaded by the rhythmic thumping of the tires as they cross each cobblestone. The inn is like a massive wall of rocks that looks to be touching the blue sky. The red tile roof looks like a red cloud sitting atop this castle of rocks. These rocks were placed over one hundred years ago and still stand in their exact spot. From the parking area you can almost imagine the horse drawn wagons that had workedRead More People and Food Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagessorts. 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Skidmore Owings Merrill LLP Profile and Analysis

SKIDMORE OWINGS AND MERRILL: PROFILE AND ANALYSIS In every field there are people who seem to leave their mark for everyone to remember them by. In the field of Arts and Architecture, there are many such names, which are not only held in great respect and honor, but have also been a source of great inspiration for the future generations. Skidmore, Owings and Merrill or SOM, as they are more commonly known as, are such pioneers in American history, which are held in great esteem for the many contributions that they have made in the field of Architecture. The firm was initially founded by Louis Skidmore and Nathaniel Alexander Owings in the year 1936 in Chicago and was later expanded to New York in the year 1937 and was later joined by John Ogden Merrill in the year 1939 (CURL). The firm made teamwork as the basis for their company and it has been the result of this philosophy that after working more than 6 decades, the company is still strong and still capturing the imagination of the people. The company has been associated with some of the most prestigious projects in the USA and even beyond that. The company is known to handle some of the most challenging projects in the world over, the likes of which included the Sears Tower, Jin Mao Building in China, Hong Kong Exhibition and Convention Center in China, besides many other names, and the latest accomplishment of the company has been in the form of Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which is the worlds tallest building. A

Heathcliffs account of childhood after Mr Earnshaws death Essay Example For Students

Heathcliffs account of childhood after Mr Earnshaws death Essay Heathcliffs account of childhood after Mr Earnshaws death, during the period of time when Catherine has recently returned from Thurshcross Grange. You should aim to create an authentic voice for Heathcliff which builds upon Emily Brontes presentation of this character and captures aspects of the writers chosen form, structure and language Hindley the desolate offspring of Mr Earnshaw ascended to the position of new proprietor of The Heights, after the master died. He had been waiting for this his entire unremarkable life; now, finally, his domineering controlling behaviour would serve a purpose. A point which would become clearer as he took sovereignty over all inhabitants, especially my young self. Those days after Mr Earnshaws death were dark; the rain wouldnt stop, I remember Nelly saying its not only us crying, the Gods are too. Not only did we have the pleasure of Hindley among us for the Masters funeral but we were introduced to my adoptive brothers odious wife, Frances. Who, you would have thought, shared in equal measure, the abhorrence that Hindley held in his heart for me. If it was not for these two monstrous concoctions, these pathetic excuses for human life, my early days would have been far less troubled, and I would have had no cause to wreak such havoc amongst the people I loved. However Hindley had different ideas of letting bygones be bygones, and came home with the sort of wrath, which only the all- powerful almighty God has. The austere and lonely moors surrounding The Heights merely emphasised the bitter atmosphere awaiting me, in the place that had been my abode. However it was only Hindley who was openly malicious and hateful towards me, and for that I will always feel nothing but loathing towards him. I would not deign to spit on his burning flesh; instead I would celebrate and dance around his agony in the manner of a pagan, praising the Gods for the gift they have given me; namely his thoroughly deserved death. All of this started with bitter jealously. The fact that Hindley was unable to cope with not being the only male his father loved. I will always be grateful for Mr Earnshaws wonderfully generous nature for letting me in, and Hindley hated the deep love his sister and I shared. Aware, I have no doubt, that his cold-hearted self would never be able to love the way I loved Catherine. Jealously can be the only reason for his devilish attacks upon me, and for that he will never be granted my forgiveness. Memories from before his ownership of the Heights still give me nightmares, when the creature, as that is the only word to depict him in the English language as he surely cannot be human. Had the audacity to call me a dog and then launched an iron weight toward my chest. The anger and pain inside me I felt at that very moment would have killed him if I was able to lay a finger on him; but Nelly intervened. Now with many years of sorrow and angst I have been able to curb somewhat the murderous and vengeful feelings I experience towards him. Instead I have been quietly plotting against Hindley who I am ashamed to say, by law alone, is my brother. I admit however, that now that I am stronger, I do enjoy these fights and conflicts we have. Brothers have them and if anything they make me fitter and stronger also they show that I am stronger then he, there is a power struggle within the Heights and I realise now that this scares him. Everyone knows that we dislike each other intensely, but the fact he went to extreme lengths in order just to see me miserable, is testimony to his hard hearted acrimony towards me. Sadly, after the loss of Mr Earnshaw there was no one to stop him. He became irrationally obsessed with the power which he had been granted, and did his very best to ensure that I eked out a slaves existence. I was instructed to undertake a plethora of mindless errands, or copy entire lengthy passages out of the Holy Bible; he gave me many beatings, when he deemed that I had in some way misbehaved. He merely needed to express his displeasure, and I was his vulnerable target. .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 , .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .postImageUrl , .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 , .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:hover , .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:visited , .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:active { border:0!important; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:active , .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7 .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33d25cea9597daf1b500f1faa3ac54d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Could Ernest Hemingway be considered a tragic figure in contemporary literature? EssayHowever despite this ill treatment I did not permit myself to feel sorry for myself. I had the joy of knowing that despite him hurting me, I was in fact hurting him far more emotionally and spiritually with the depth of the bond which I shared with his sister. If it had not been for her presence in my life, I doubt that I should have been able to continue living. With Cathy in my heart , the torment was undoubtedly worth it, just seeing her bright peacock blue eyes elated me far beyond the realms of despair , and allowed me forget about everything. I longed to see her every moment of every day. Time passed so slowly when we werent together. I was truly happy when Cathy taught me all she knew, especially after Hindley concluded I neither deserved nor required the benefits of an education. We stood against the demoralisation surrounding Wuthering Heights by behaving roguishly on occasion, even though this defiance led to more beatings towards me. However, looking back, life with Cathy at the centre of it was good. Life, unfortunately however, worsened in quality, I thought it was ghastly to begin with but when Cathy moved to the Lintons Thrushcross Grange life was truly barely worth living anymore. If that wretched dog hadnt bitten her ankle I am sure we would have gone on like we were before. I wouldnt have been forced to treat her like the other servants do. Furthermore Mrs Linton wouldnt have changed her, she taught her so called social graces and transformed the young and innocent girl into a young woman. How dare she take my Cathy away from me! She changed after those five weeks; these were the most exasperating five weeks of my life. Each day hoping she would come home, back so we could laugh at the snobbish Linton children. I had been certain that she would have had wonderful stories to tell, what the three of them had got up to, the stories would have made me laugh for years to come I imagined . Instead she came back in a dress, looking beautiful, but utterly different. Not my Cathy at all. We have grown distant since she returned, and even though life now is dark and cold without the love I and Cathy once shared, a love which I shall never forget. Why I still love and long for my Cathy every day, I will never comprehend. Those days we spent together were the happiest I have ever lived, the conversations we had, and the fact I knew that we both trusted each other so thoroughly was a wonderful thing. I would give anything just to return to those blessed times with my Cathy. I will always be grateful for the love we shared. I beseech any great powers out there to allow me to bask once again in the glory of that love, for Cathy and me to be permitted to return to that happy state of intimacy. Just the two of us where we will grow old together, fortune could throw anything at me, and I would happily take it my stride. Please. Allow this wish to be fulfilled, I need her.